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ํ•œ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ atp ์ƒ์‚ฐ (ํ”ผ๋กœ)

MANYFAST 2025. 11. 7. 14:11
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๐Ÿง  1๏ธโƒฃ ์ „์ œ: ํ•œ์•ฝ์€ “๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด”๋‹ค

ํ•œ์•ฝ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ˆ˜์‹ญ~์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์ข…์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ·๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜·ํŽ˜๋†€·ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ·์‚ฌํฌ๋‹Œ·์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ “๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ฐจ”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
“๋Œ€์‚ฌ·ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”·์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ”์ด์—์š”.

๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์†Œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

โšก๏ธ 2๏ธโƒฃ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด

ATP๋Š”
1๏ธโƒฃ ํฌ๋„๋‹น·์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ → TCA ํšŒ๋กœ(์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด์‚ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ)
2๏ธโƒฃ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„ (Complex I–V)
3๏ธโƒฃ ์‚ฐํ™”์  ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”(Oxidative phosphorylation)
์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ

  • NADH/FADHโ‚‚ ์ƒ์„ฑ
  • ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ง‰์˜ ์ „์œ„(ΔΨm)
  • ATP synthase ํ™œ์„ฑ
    ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

๐ŸŒฟ 3๏ธโƒฃ ํ•œ์•ฝ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹

์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ ํ•œ์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๋„, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ ค
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ”น (1) ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑ → ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์†์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€

  • ์ธ์‚ผ ์‚ฌํฌ๋‹Œ(Rb1, Rg1), ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋‹น์ฒด, ๋‹น๊ท€์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์€
    Nrf2(ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
    SOD, CAT, GPx ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    → ROS(ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ง‰์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ง‰ ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ATP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

๐Ÿ”น (2) AMPK–PGC-1α ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน

  • ๋…น์šฉ, ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ, ์ธ์‚ผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • AMPK๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผœ์ง€๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ,
    ์ผœ์ง€๋ฉด PGC-1α๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ(์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ์„ฑ)์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ → ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€.

๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ:
Astragalus polysaccharide (ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋‹น์ฒด)๊ฐ€ AMPK–PGC1α–NRF1 ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
๋…ธํ™”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (J Ethnopharmacol, 2019).

 

 

๐Ÿ”น (3) TCA ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ & ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํšจ์œจ ์ƒ์Šน

  • ๊ฐ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ง„, ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ, ์ธ์‚ผ ์‚ฌํฌ๋‹Œ์€
    ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์ด์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ TCA ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” Acetyl-CoA ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋˜ํ•œ **ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐœ์„ (๋‹น๊ท€, ์ฒœ๊ถ, ํ™ํ™”)**์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋„์™€
    ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด NADH/FADHโ‚‚ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ → ATP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐœ์„ .

 

 

๐Ÿ”น (4) ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ·์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ์†Œ

  • ๋…ธํ™”์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์ €๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์—ผ์ฆ(Inflammaging) ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ,
    ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ DNA ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ํšจ์†Œ ๋ถˆํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • **ํ•œ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋‹น์ฒด(ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ, ์ธ์‚ผ, ๊ฐ์ดˆ)**๋Š” NF-κB ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ด
    ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ (IL-6, TNF-α)์„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํšจ์†Œ(Complex I, IV) ๋ณดํ˜ธ → ATP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ.

 

 

๐Ÿ”น (5) ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด NADโบ/NADH ๋น„์œจ ์œ ์ง€

  • NADโบ๋Š” ATP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฝ”ํŒฉํ„ฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
  • ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•œ์•ฝ(์˜ˆ: ์ธ์‚ผ, ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ, ์˜ค๋ฏธ์ž)์€ **SIRT1(์‹œ๋ฅดํˆฌ์ธ1)**์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ
    NADโบ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • SIRT1์€ PGC-1α๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•ด ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋„์™€์š”.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์„ธํฌ ๋…ธํ™” ์ง€์—ฐ + ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€.

 

 

๐Ÿ’ฌ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด

ํ•œ์•ฝ์ด “ATP๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
๋Œ€์‹ ,
1๏ธโƒฃ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
2๏ธโƒฃ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
3๏ธโƒฃ ๊ธฐ์งˆ(ํฌ๋„๋‹น·์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ) ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

๐Ÿ”ฌ ์š”์•ฝ ํ‘œ

  ๊ธฐ์ „ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
์ธ์‚ผ ์‚ฌํฌ๋‹Œ AMPK–PGC-1α ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ ↑
ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋‹น์ฒด ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”, AMPK ํ™œ์„ฑ ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ ↑
๋‹น๊ท€ ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐœ์„ , ROS ์–ต์ œ ์ „์ž์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ์œจ ↑
๊ฐ์ดˆ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ด‰์ง„ TCA ํšŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑ ↑
์˜ค๋ฏธ์ž ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋‚œ SIRT1–NADโบ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ↑

 

 

๐Ÿ”— ์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ”น “ํ•œ์•ฝ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜?”

→ ๋ฌผ์— ๋…น๋Š” ๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜, ์‚ฌํฌ๋‹Œ, ํŽ˜๋†€๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ ,
ํก์ˆ˜ ํ›„ ์„ธํฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ”น “ATP๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š์ž–์•„?”

→ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ,
๋Œ€์‹  ATP ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ‘ํ™˜๊ฒฝ’์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” + ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ + ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜ + ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ + ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ)

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•